Production and evaluation of hydrocarbon oil from co-deoxy-liquefaction of waste lard and locust leaves

The mixture of different biomass (waste lard and locust leaves) was used for production of hydrocarbon oil by co-deoxy-liquefaction in the range 400–500 °C. Results indicated that hydrocarbon oils were seriously influenced not only by the reaction temperature, but also by the composition of the feedstocks. At 450 °C, the oil yield reached a maximum of 27.7%; C7–C29 alkanes with the highest content of 69.8% were detected in the hydrocarbon oil, with the lowest oxygen content of 1.4% and HHV of 44 MJ kg−1. More saturated fatty acids of waste lard and extractives of locust leaves were favorable to formation of more alkanes. Co-deoxy-liquefaction of the mixture inhibited formation of carboxylic acids, which sharply reduced acid value of the obtained oil. Release of nitrogen gas reduced the nitrogen content of the obtained oils. The results meant that selection of biomass feedstock was very important to produce hydrocarbon oil with high quality.