Determination of selected biogenic amines in red wines by automated on-line combination of capillary isotachophoresis–capillary zone electrophoresis

A screening analytical method based on an automated on-line combination of capillary isotachophoresis–capillary zone electrophoresis (cITP–CZE) in hydrodynamically closed separation system, equipped with photometric detection at 280 nm, was developed for a routine determination of the selected biogenic amines, namely histamine, 2-phenylethylamine and tyramine, in red wines. The evaluated limits of detection (LODs) were 0.35 mg L−1 for histamine, 0.33 mg L−1 for 2-phenylethylamine and 0.37 mg L−1 for tyramine. The repeatability of the migration time and peak area for histamine were 1.1% and 2.6%, respectively, for 2-phenylethylamine 0.7% and 2.0%, respectively, and for tyramine 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively. The method recoveries were 92.1% for histamine, 96.4% for 2-phenylethylamine and 95.5% for tyramine. The developed automated cITP–CZE–UV method was applied for the determination of histamine, 2-phenylethylamine and tyramine in seven red wine samples originating from Czech Republic.