Direct measurements of thermal properties of wood pellets: Elevated temperatures, fine fractions and moisture content

The self-heating propensity of biomass fuels is a major challenge to the large scale handling of e.g. wood pellets. The insulating properties in combination with exothermal processes sometimes lead to fires when larger volumes of wood pellets are stored. Recently, the thermal conductivity and specific heat of wood pellets have been investigated (Gou et al., 2013) through back-calculations of transient temperatures in wood bulk storage. Such properties are important in order to make simulations and predictions about safe storage and use. However, little information is available about the temperature dependence of these properties as well as the bulk properties of broken pellets, which is abundant in critical parts of a storage facility. In this study we show that the specific heat and thermal conductivity of wood pellets can be directly measured using the Transient Plane Source technique. We present data between 22 and 120 °C for bulk wood pellets and investigate the change in conductivity for fine particle bulk material. In addition, we investigate the possibility of measuring on individual pellets while studying the moisture content dependence.