A new modification of the immersed boundaries method for fluid–solid flows: moderate Reynolds numbers

In this study we consider a combination of an interpolation technique with the D’Alambert principle that allows the direct numerical simulation of fluid-solid flows on a regular rectangular grid. The method models a no-slip boundary with the second-order accuracy interpolation scheme without explicit calculation of the forces that the particles exert at the fluid. The method is applicable for a wide range of Reynolds numbers from creeping flows up to Re≈100.