Hybrid solar cell based on P3HT–ZnO nanoparticle blend in the inverted device configuration

A low-cost environmental friendly hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell has been demonstrated using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as the electron selective layer and their blend with poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the active layer in the inverted device configuration. The device shows a power conversion efficiency of ∼1% with excellent stability under ambient conditions for more than two months without encapsulation.