The preparation and characterization of CdS1−xTex semiconductor films for hydrogen production by the chemical bath deposition method

Te-doped CdS semiconductor films were fabricated on indium–tin–oxide (ITO) substrates by chemical bath deposition. The chemical composition, morphology, crystalline, and optical properties of the Te-doped CdS films were characterized by XPS, SEM, XRD, UV–vis, and Ellipsometer. Additionally, the carrier density and flat-band potential of the semiconductor electrodes were measured by Hall and potentiostat. Results show that the electrical property of Te-doped CdS films was changed from n-type to p-type semiconductors, when the molar ratios of Te in the bath solution were higher than 0.4. Besides, energy band-gap and carrier densities of the Te-doped samples were found in the range of 1.85–2.33 eV and 9.68×1015–1.56×1017 cm−3, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum photocurrent density of the samples was found to be −0.81 mA/cm2 (under the external potential of −1.0 V) with the largest hydrogen production capability of 1.29 ml/cm2, when illuminated under a 150 W Xe lamp.