Characterization of risk for general population exposure to perfluorooctanoate

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), an environmentally and metabolically stable perfluorinated carboxylic acid, has been detected in the serum of children, adults and the elderly from the United States with the upper bound of the 95th percentile estimate in the range of 0.011–0.014 μg/mL (ppm). In this risk characterization, margins of exposure (MOE), which can provide a realistic perspective on potential for human risk, were determined by comparison of general population serum PFOA concentrations with serum concentrations from toxicological studies that are associated with the lower 95% confidence limit of a modeled 10 percent response or incidence level (LBMIC10) using USEPA BMDS software. The LBMIC10 was estimated using surrogate data from other studies or pharmacokinetic relationships if serum PFOA data were not available. Modeled dose–responses (with resulting LBMIC10 values) included post-natal effects in rats (29 μg/mL), liver-weight increase (23 μg/mL), and body-weight change (60 μg/mL) in rats and monkeys, and incidence of Leydig cell adenoma (125 μg/mL) in rats. MOE values based on the upper bound 95th percentile population serum PFOA concentration were large, ranging from 1600 (liver-weight increase) to 8900 (Leydig cell adenoma). These MOE values represent substantial protection of children, adults, and the elderly.