Assessment of user safety, exposure and risk to veterinary medicinal products in the European Union

Safety is an important part of veterinary drug assessment while user safety is a critical part of the overall safety assessment. In the European Union (EU), user safety is addressed through preclinical studies and by relationships with exposure but a key part of the process is the user safety assessment. EU user safety guidelines are available and these make certain recommendations but in places they lack detail and clarity. This paper seeks to examine the relevant factors that lie behind user risk assessments for veterinary medicinal products in general while focusing on EU requirements, the determination of risk management and risk communication strategies and how this relates to user safety assessment and pharmacovigilance responsibilities.