Developmental toxicity and genotoxicity studies of wogonin

We studied the developmental toxicities and genotoxic potency of a widely bioactive plant medicine-wogonin in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo developmental experiments, high dose of wogonin (40 mg/kg, intravenous injection) significantly induced the maternal weight gains and affected fetus including bodyweight, resorptions, live birth index and fetal skeletal alterations. In Ames test, no concentration-dependently increased TA98, TA100, and TA102 revertants were detected in wogonin groups whether in presence of metabolic activating enzymes or not. In the chromosome aberration test, wogonin dose-dependently increased structural chromosomal aberrations in CHL cells both with and without S9, even the effect was all judged (−). In micronucleus assay, no significant changes of MNPCE/PCE and PCE/NCE were found on mouse bone marrow micronucleus in wogonin groups. We concluded that wogonin induced developmental toxicities on pregnant mice and fetus, and the genotoxicities were positive. However no significant malformation was observed and only in vitro potency of chromosome aberration was weak, which suggested us wogonin could be a relatively safe drug in clinic.