Microgrids: Energy management by strategic deployment of DERs—A comprehensive survey

Present paper reports the survey on existing research literatures in connection with various energy management issues/benefits of a microgrid arising due to strategic deployment of its DERs. Survey on regulatory issues includes various barriers, incentives, standards (IEEE 1547, UL-1741, etc.), environmental issues, ancillary services and metering. Economic benefits, like improvement of bus voltages, line loss reduction, deferral of upgrade, waste heat utilization, reduction of customer interruption cost (CIC), ancillary services, emission reduction, fuel cost minimization, etc. have been surveyed from many researchers’ literatures in relation to methods of analyses, algorithms used and their quantification. A brief survey of researchers’ opinion on DER technologies in their respective economic analysis has also been included. This paper also reviews the researches and studies on tariff structure, market strategy of microgrid energy (both electric and thermal).