Heavy metal concentrations in bottom ash and fly ash fractions from a large-sized (246 MW) fluidized bed boiler with respect to their Finnish forest fertilizer limit values

The total and size fractionated concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in bottom ash and two fly ash fractions from a large-sized (246 MW) fluidized bed boiler were compared to Finnish statutory limit values for forest fertilizers, which came into force in March 2007. Fly ashes were sampled from the different fields (i.e. electrodes) of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) unit treating the stack gases. The bottom ash and the fly ash from the first ESP field are suitable for use a forest fertilizer. Due to the elevated As concentration (40 mg/kg; d.w.), which exceeded its Finnish limit value of 30 mg/kg (d.w.), the fly ash from the second ESP field is not suitable as a forest fertilizer alone. The results of ash sieving indicated that an As concentration of 40 mg/kg (d.w.) for particle size less than 0.125 mm for fly ash 2 from the second ESP electrode field exceeded the As limit value of 30 mg/kg (d.w.). In addition, a Pb concentration of 170 mg/kg (d.w.) for fly ash 1 from the first ESP electrode field for particle size 0.5–2.0 mm exceeded the Pb limit value of 150 mg/kg (d.w.). These two specific fractions are therefore not suitable for used as a forest fertilizer alone.