Simple, non-moving modulation interface for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

A simple, non-moving dual-stage CO2 jet modulator is described, which cools two short sections of the front end of the second-dimension column of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph. A stream of expanding CO2 is sprayed directly onto this capillary column to trap small fractions eluting from the first-dimension column. Remobilization of the trapped analytes is performed by direct heating by the GC oven air. Installation, maintenance and control of the modulator is simple. Focusing and remobilization of the fractions is a very efficient process, as the bandwidths of the re-injected pulses are less than 10 ms. As a result, alkane peaks eluting from the second-dimension column have peakwidths at the baseline of only 120 ms.