Trace determination of pharmaceuticals and other wastewater-derived micropollutants by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

The presence of pharmaceuticals and other wastewater-derived micropollutants in surface and groundwaters is receiving intense public and scientific attention. Yet simple GC/MS methods that would enable measurement of a wide range of such compounds are scarce. This paper describes a GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 13 pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen, albuterol, allopurinol, amitriptyline, brompheniramine, carbamazepine, carisoprodol, ciclopirox, diazepam, fenofibrate, metoprolol, primidone, and terbinafine) and 5 wastewater-derived contaminants (caffeine, diethyltoluamide, n-butylbenzene sulfonamide, n-nonylphenol, and n-octylphenol) by solid phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization with BSTFA. The method was applied to the analysis of raw and treated sewage samples obtained from a wastewater treatment plant located in the mid-Atlantic United States. All analytes were detected in untreated sewage, and 14 of the 18 analytes were detected in treated sewage.