Characterization of new types of stationary phases for fast and ultra-fast liquid chromatography by signal processing based on AutoCovariance Function: A case study of application to Passiflora incarnata L. extract separations

In this study, a comparative investigation was performed of HPLC Ascentis® (2.7 μm particles) columns based on fused-core particle technology and Acquity® (1.7 μm particles) columns requiring UPLC instruments, in comparison with Chromolith™ RP-18e columns. The study was carried out on mother and vegetal tinctures of Passiflora incarnata L. on one single or two coupled columns. The fundamental attributions of the chromatographic profiles are evaluated using a chemometric procedure, based on the AutoCovariance Function (ACVF). Different chromatographic systems are compared in terms of their separation parameters, i.e., number of total chemical components (mtot), separation efficiency (σ), peak capacity (nc), overlap degree of peaks and peak purity. The obtained results show the improvements achieved by HPLC columns with narrow size particles in terms of total analysis time and chromatographic efficiency: comparable performance are achieved by Ascentis® (2.7 μm particle) column and Acquity® (1.7 μm particle) column requiring UPLC instruments. The ACVF plot is proposed as a simplified tool describing the chromatographic fingerprint to be used for evaluating and comparing chemical composition of plant extracts by using the parameters D% – relative abundance of the deterministic component – and cEACF – similarity index computed on ACVF.