Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the rapid screening of triazole residues in wine and strawberries

A solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of triazole residues, such as triadimefon, propiconazole, myclobutanil and penconazole. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of strawberries and wine samples. The procedure is solvent-free, simple and highly sensitive. Within-day and day-to-day RSDs ranged between 2–11% and 7–28%, respectively. Detection limits estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 ranged between 30 (propiconazole) and 100 ng/kg (triadimefon). Since the detection limits achieved by this method are well below the maximum residue levels for wine (or grapes) and strawberries recommended by the European legislation, it can be conveniently used as a low-cost rapid screening method for the contamination of the considered samples.