Simultaneous extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and nonionic surfactants from house dust: Concentrations in floor dust from 15 Danish schools

Static extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and Soxhlet extraction were compared for simultaneous extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and nonionic surfactants from house dust. Homogenized office floor dust from a vacuum cleaner dust bag (“standard dust”) was used for the evaluation. One portion of the extracts was used for analysis of nonionic surfactants with LC–MS and another portion was used for DEHP analysis with GC–MS. The extraction yield of DEHP was comparable for all the methods whereas SFE and PLE were the most efficient extraction techniques for the nonionic surfactants. The PLE extraction was found most suitable as a routine method for simultaneous extraction of both types of compounds and was used in a field study of floor dust from 15 Danish schools. The mean concentration of DEHP in the school dust samples was ∼4 times higher than observed in other studies of dust from homes in different countries. The concentrations of nonionic surfactants were one order of magnitude lower than soap and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates measured in other studies of floor dust from offices and other public buildings. However, for the first time nonionic surfactants have been identified in house dust.