Weight adjustment in calculating surface ligand coverage or density for chromatographic bonded phases

A method based on successive approximation is proposed for the calculation of surface coverage or ligand density of chemically bonded stationary phases from elemental analysis data. The approach could be used to calculate surface coverage in many stationary phase preparations, including end-capping and stepwise couplings. Key in this procedure is the use of successive approximation to simplify the adjustment of weight changes in stationary phase preparation. The method does not involve complicated mathematic equations.