Sample injection in capillary electrochromatography by heart-cut technique

The splitter working in heart-cut regime was used for sample injection in capillary electrochromatography. The principle was implemented in an automated microgradient system allowing to inject from microlitre down to nanolitre volumes with high repeatability and minimal extra-column band broadening. The apparatus is able to deliver discrete volumes of liquids at a preset volumetric flow rate and to stop and restore the flow at any moment. This brings a high degree of liquid manipulation flexibility. An extremely low split ratio is sufficient during the analysis, which saves mobile phase consumption substantially. The key parameters influencing the function of the heart-cut splitter were characterised. The function of the apparatus was demonstrated under isocratic, preconcentration and gradient capillary electrochromatography separation conditions. In all cases the statistic evaluation of the main parameters was performed, showing that high repeatability of retention times, peak heights and areas was achieved.