One-dimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to soft photo ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A two- and three-dimensional separation approach

Soft laser photo-ionization mass spectroemtry is presented as a separation dimension hyphenated with gas chromatographic techniques. Single photon ionization (SPI) is a universal soft ionization method which ionizes organic molecules with an ionization potential below 10.5 eV if 118 nm laser radiation is used. The inherently soft ionization of photo ionization techniques can further be utilized together with gas chromatography as a comprehensive two-dimensional separation method (GC × MS), using the GC retention time as first separation dimension and the molecular mass as second separation dimension. Some GC × MS chromatograms of diesel petroleum samples using SPI are presented and discussed. Finally, it is demonstrated that the coupling of soft SPI mass spectrometry with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) provides a three-dimensional separation technique (GC × GC × SPI-MS).