Determination of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in water and municipal wastewater using headspace–solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography

The aim of this work was to develop a fast and simple analytical method for the determination of 14 chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water and wastewater samples. Headspace–solid-phase microextraction (HS–SPME) and gas chromatography (GC) were used for the determination of the VOCs. The extraction parameters were investigated in order to optimize the HS–SPME–GC method. The quality parameters of the method were also investigated.