Simultaneous determination of sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil as forbidden components in natural dietary supplements for male sexual potency by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with ultraviolet detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC–UV–ESI-MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of banned additives—sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil in dietary supplements for male sexual potency. The separation was achieved on a C18 column with acetonitrile and aqueous solution (20 mmol ammonium acetate, 0.2% formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with a linear gradient program. UV detection was at 292 nm. Identification of drugs was accomplished using ESI-MS. Good linearity between response (peak area) and concentration was found over a concentration range of 0.8–80 μg/ml for sildenafil; 2.25–225 μg/ml for vardenafil; and 1.1–110 μg/ml for tadalafil, with regression coefficient is better than 0.999. The recovery of the method ranged from 93.3 to 106.1%, and the relative standard deviation varied from 2.0 to 5.6% (n = 6). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of practical samples of natural dietary supplements.