Data-directed scan sequence for the general assignment of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides in plant extracts by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry

An ion trap LC–MS/MS method is described for the analysis of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides in crude methanolic extracts of plants. The method employs survey scans with and without the application of up-front collision induced dissociation (CID) to generate diagnostic ions for data-directed MS/MS. The spectra acquired allow assignment of the C-linked sugar to either the C-6 or C-8 position of the aglycone and provide data on the molecular mass of the compound, the number and type of O-linked sugars and the molecular mass of the flavone aglycone. These data for the majority of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides in an extract are obtained automatically in one LC–MS/MS analysis without manual pre-programming. Key to the assignment of the C-6 or C-8 site of C-glycosylation is the generation, by up-front CID, of the 0,1X+ product ion formed by internal cleavage of the C-linked sugar. MS/MS of this ion is found to have diagnostic value in addition to the 0,2X+ product ion described by other authors. Ion trap MS/MS spectra of [M + H]+ of the 6,8-di-C-glycosylflavones schaftoside and isoschaftoside show an additional and previously unreported diagnostic product ion that is useful in determining the type of sugar at the C-6 position. The product ion spectra of protonated kaempferol 3-O-glucosylrhamnosides show similarities to the spectra of C-glycosylflavone O-glycosides; this is a potential source of confusion if the analysis of such glycosides is limited solely to MS/MS of [M + H]+.