Fractional non-linear modelling of ultracapacitors

In this paper, it is demonstrated that an ultracapacitor exhibits a non-linear behaviour in relation to the operating voltage. A set of fractional order linear systems resulting from a frequency analysis of the ultracapacitor at various operating points is first obtained. Then, a non-linear model is deduced from the linear systems set, so that its Taylor linearization around the considered operating points (for the frequency analysis), produces the linear system set. The resulting non-linear model is validated on a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) application.