Genetic code from tRNA point of view

The possible codon–anticodon pairings follow the standard genetic code, yet in a different mode. The corresponding rules for decoding sequence of the codons in mRNA with tRNA may be called “tRNA code”. In this paper we analyse the mutational and translational stability of such tRNA code. Our approach is based on the model of “ambiguous intermediate” and on the study of underlying block structure and Eulerean graph technique. It is shown that the wobble rules and the reduced number of tRNA anticodons strongly affect the mutational and translational stability of the code. The selection of tRNA anticodons, besides the optimization of translation, also ensures the more reliable start and, to a lesser extent, the stop of translation. The attribution of tRNA anticodons to the groups {WWW, WWS, SWW, SWS} and {SSS, SSW, WSS, WSW} as well as {MMM, MMK, KMM, KMK} and {KKK, KKM, MKK, MKM} clearly correlates with class I and class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and obeys the principle of the optimal coding in both cases. Both W–S and M–K groupings also refer to the encoding of amino acids with the large and small side-chain volumes, which may provide such an attribution. The higher variability of tRNA code agrees with the suggestions that the variations in an assignment of tRNA anticodons may serve as the driving force generating the different variants of the genetic code.