Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of PM sintered and nitrided steels

PM Distaloy and Astaloy alloys have many applications in the automotive industry and are used in structural elements with different wear resistance values. Their main features are adequate density, hardness, tensile strength, and good ductility. For the purpose of the experiment presented here, Distaloy SA and Astaloy Mo powders, alloyed with various amounts of elemental boron powder, were used. The Distaloy and Astaloy alloys were produced through mixing, compacting, and sintering at t = 1393 and 1473 K, and, after the completed sintering process, they were plasma nitrided at 793 K. Experimental results showed that if boron was added, while sintering, the shrinkage phenomena increased ( 1473 K) and some parameters of those alloys (density, hardness, and tensile strength) were improved. Upon the ion nitriding treatment of the surface of base Astaloy Mo samples, a surface layer was created composed of the epsilon solution and yʹ nitride, whereas the surface layer on the Distaloy SA base was mainly composed of a yʹ compound. Boron activates the sintering process of Distaloy SA and Astaloy Mo samples but it has no significant impact on the surface layers thickness of Distaloy SA alloys as opposed to Astaloy Mo alloys in which boron promotes a greater thickness of surface layers along with a reduced depth of nitrogen diffusion.