An inverse problem in predicting heat flux of M42 percussion primer

Experiment temperature profiles of M42 primer have been analysed with inverse methodology to obtain information of the heat flux. A one-dimensional heat transfer has been assumed in the copper plate with 0.5 mm thickness and 8 mm dia. The conjugate gradient method of minimization with adjoint problem is applied to estimate the transient heat flux of the primer by using discrete temperature measurements from a thermocouple on the opposite side of the plate. Analysis shows the thermal output decreasing with the increase of the distance from the primer. The temperature data and the estimated heat flux show the same trend as that of de Youngʹs.