Current/voltage-mode universal filter using FTFNs

A new configuration realizing current/voltage-mode (CM/VM) universal filter using two four terminal floating nullors (FTFN) and four passive components is presented. The current-mode configuration has single input and three outputs and realises simultaneously lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP) and highpass (HP) responses from which allpass (AP) and notch functions can also be implemented. The voltage-mode filter has three inputs and two outputs and can be configured to realise all the five filtering functions. The circuit in current-mode uses grounded capacitors which are ideal for monolithic integration. Besides using a bare minimum number of passive components, the topology enjoys low active and passive sensitivity figures. Experimental and PSPICE simulation results are also included.