Synthesis of stable metal and non-oxide ceramic nanoparticles in sodium/halide flames

Recent efforts to advance nanopowder technology have focused on cost effective methods of producing particles with controlled morphology and high purity. In addition, methods are sought for producing metal and nonoxide ceramics that are environmentally stable and low in oxygen. A process to address these needs, which involves sodium/halide flame synthesis coupled with a novel encapsulation technology, is described. A large number of commercially important materials have been produced with this technology, and examples of these are presented.