The SIS epidemic model with Markovian switching

Population systems are often subject to environmental noise. Motivated by Takeuchi et al. [7], we will discuss in this paper the effect of telegraph noise on the well-known SIS epidemic model. We establish the explicit solution of the stochastic SIS epidemic model, which is useful in performing computer simulations. We also establish the conditions for extinction and persistence for the stochastic SIS epidemic model and compare these with the corresponding conditions for the deterministic SIS epidemic model. We first prove these results for a two-state Markov chain and then generalise them to a finite state space Markov chain. Computer simulations based on the explicit solution and the Euler–Maruyama scheme are performed to illustrate our theory. We include a more realistic example using appropriate parameter values for the spread of S t r e p t o c o c c u s p n e u m o n i a e in children.