Quantifying the value of reconnaissance using Lanchesterian type equations

This paper presents a method to quantify the value of reconnaissance for both direct and indirect fire weapons for the defense in sector battle scenario. The Lanchester area fire model and the Helmbold equations were modified to allow the lethality of the defending blue force to be increased as they gained more combat intelligence about the attacking red force, thus modeling intelligence as a true combat multiplier. By adjustments made to parameters in the model, the lethality of the blueʹs direct and indirect fire weapons could be adjusted based on the quantity and quality of their intelligence assets. With information from a computer database, and the COMAN model, maximum likelihood attrition rate estimates were calculated for both red and blue forces for ten heavy defensive battles conducted at the Armyʹs National Training Center. In each battle, the red force attrition rate was fit to a curve which represented a percentage of blueʹs full potential, represented here by the square law. Using this model in a combat simulation, and with some preliminary work with comparable systems, one could implement a change in blueʹs intelligence assets and then provide a quantitative measure of the effect that this had on the outcome of a battle