Synthesis and uses of fluorous and highly fluorinated macrocyclic and spherical molecules

Fluorous and highly fluorinated molecules have special physical, chemical, and biological properties. The development of fluorous technologies has generated a significant impact on the chemistry of macrocyclic and spherical compounds. This paper highlights the synthesis of such compounds and their applications in the fields including catalysis, molecular recognition, surface chemistry, molecular probing, molecular imaging, photomaterials, and nanomaterials.