Characterization of P1,P4-Diadenosine 5′-Tetraphosphate Binding on Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells

In recent years it has become increasingly clear that α,ω-dinucleotides act as extracellular modulators of various biological processes. P1,P4-diadenosine 5′-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is the best characterized α,ω-dinucleotides and acts as an extracellular signal molecule by inducing the release of nitric oxide (NO) from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) (R. H. Hilderman, and E. F. Christensen (1998)FEBS Lett.407, 320–324). However, the characteristics of Ap4A binding to endothelial cells have not been determined. In this report we demonstrate that Ap4A binds to a heterogeneous population of receptors on BAEC. Competition ligand-binding studies using various adenosine dinucleotides, guanosine dinucleotides, adenosine/guanosine dinucleotides, and synthetic P2purinoceptor agonists and antagonists demonstrate that Ap4A binds to a receptor on BAEC that has a high affinity for some of the adenosine dinucleotides. The apparent IC50values for Ap4A, Ap2A, and Ap3A are between 12 and 15 μM, while the apparent IC50values for Ap5A and Ap6A are greater than 500 μM. Evidence is also presented which suggests that this receptor can be classified as a putative P4purinoceptor. Competition studies also demonstrate that Ap4A binds at a lower affinity to a second class of binding sites.