Effect of carbonate anion on cytochrome P450 2D6-mediated metabolism in vitro: the potential role of multiple oxygenating species

Studies were designed to investigate various anions and their effects on cytochrome P450 2D6-mediated metabolism in vitro. Incubations were initially performed in buffered phosphate, carbonate, sulfate, and acetate solutions (50 mM, pH 7.4), with CYP2D6 substrates dextromethorphan, 7-methoxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin (MAMC), (S,S)-3-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine hydrochloride [(-)-OSU6162], and amitriptyline. Dextromethorphan and MAMC O-dealkylation activity in buffered carbonate was approximately 25 and 38%, respectively, relative to phosphate, while activity in sulfate and acetate buffers displayed minor differences. In contrast, N-dealkylation reactions for both (-)-OSU6162 and amitriptyline were unaffected by the presence of carbonate, and the other anions tested. Subsequent kinetic studies revealed that the basis of reduced turnover of dextromethorphan was primarily a Vmax effect, as the Vmax for the rate was 16.9 and 5.6 pmol/min/pmol P450 in phosphate and carbonate, respectively. Interestingly, similar rates of dextromethorphan O-demethylation in phosphate and carbonate were observed when reactions were supported by cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH). Furthermore, it was observed that while CuOOH could equally support dextromethorphan O-demethylation compared to NADPH, amitriptyline N-demethylation was only minimally supported. Finally, intramolecular kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments with amitriptyline-d3 in CuOOH-supported reactions yielded a kH/kD of 5.2, substantially higher than in phosphate and carbonate supported by NADPH (kH/kD=1.5). Overall, results suggest that carbonate disrupts the relative ratios of the potential P450 oxygenating species, which differentially catalyze O- and N-dealkylation reactions mediated by CYP2D6.