Strength and durability characteristics of copper tailing concrete

Solid waste disposal is a worldwide problem. If not properly disposed, these materials become sources of environmental pollution and the problems related to it. Various studies are done worldwide to dispose these solid waste materials by using them for partial or complete replacement of aggregates in cement concrete. Copper tailing is the solid waste material left during the purification of the precious copper from the copper ores. Disposal of these waste tailings are very essential as it destroys the ecological environment. This paper investigates the suitability of copper tailing in cement concrete as a partial replacement of natural river sand. M25 grade of concrete is designed as per IS:10262-2010, with water/cement ratios of 0.4, 0.45 and 0.5. 0% to 60% substitution of fine aggregates was done with copper tailings. The specimens with 0% copper tailing was taken as control mix. Tests were done to determine the compressive strength, flexural strength, pull-off strength, abrasion resistance, drying shrinkage, air and water permeability, rapid chloride permeability, alkalinity and resistance to sulphate attack in concrete specimens. It was observed that Copper tailing may be utilised for the partial replacement for natural fine aggregates till 60% replacement, with water–cement ratios 0.4, 0.45 and 0.50. As the copper tailing concrete (up to 60% substitution) exhibited good strength and durability characteristics, it may be recommended for all construction activities.