Durability properties of a concrete with waste glass sludge exposed to freeze-and-thaw condition and de-icing salt

Waste glass sludge (WGS), a byproduct of glass plate manufacture, was used to improve the durability properties of concrete under an environmental condition of freezing and thawing, with the existence of de-icing salts. A total of five concrete mix proportions were prepared, by varying the amounts of WGS. In order to observe the effects and roles of WGS on the durability performances of concrete mixtures, compressive strength tests, freezing and thawing tests, chloride ion penetration and surface scaling were carried out. Test results showed that the incorporation of WGS as a partial replacement for cement has beneficial effects on the compressive strength of concrete, especially when used together with fly ash. Moreover, WGS improved the resistance of freezing and thawing with and without de-icing salts, the chloride ion penetration and the resistance of surface scaling of the concrete compared to the control mixture containing 20% fly ash as cement replacement.