Finite element modeling of bolted connections between cold-formed steel strips and hot rolled steel plates under static shear loading

A finite element model with three-dimensional solid elements is established to investigate the structural performance of bolted connections between cold-formed steel strips and hot rolled steel plates under shear. Non-linear material, geometrical and contact analysis is carried out to predict the load–extension curves of typical bolted connections with cold-formed steel strips of high yield strength and low ductility. The failure mode of interest in the present investigation is the bearing failure of cold-formed steel strip around bolt holes; a full description of the finite element model is presented. Based on test data, a stress–strain curve for the cold-formed steel strip is proposed which allows the cold-formed steel strip to yield and degrade in strength at large strain. The load–extension curves of four sets of test specimens were successfully predicted up to an extension of 3 mm. The predicted bearing resistance and the extensional stiffness of the bolted connections compare well with test data. It is found that stress–strain curves, contact stiffness and frictional coefficient between element interfaces, and clamping force developed in bolt shanks are important parameters for accurate prediction of the load–extension curves of bolted connections.