Three-dimensional finite element modeling of composite girder bridges

This paper investigates finite element (FE) modeling techniques of composite steel girder bridges focusing on the overall flexural behavior of the system. In particular, four three-dimensional FE bridge models are examined. Various modeling techniques, which are employed to overcome displacement incompatibility and geometric modeling errors, are studied and issues related to the selection of elements are discussed. A technique that uses the concept of work equivalent nodal loads to accurately represent the applied tire pressure is also described. The accuracy of each model is verified against the results acquired from full-scale laboratory test experiments and a field test performed by other researchers. Furthermore, the results are also compared with those of a detailed finite element model that uses solid elements. Finally, the efficiency of each model, based on a comparison of computer resources usage, is also presented.