Implementation of bond-slip effect in analyses of RC frames under cyclic loads using layered section method

A nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) frames subject to both dynamic and cyclic loadings is performed using the layered section method. In contrast to conventional layered section approaches that adopt a perfect bond assumption, the bond-slip effect along the reinforcing bar is quantified with the force equilibrium and compatibility condition at the post-cracking stage and its contribution is indirectly implemented into the stress–strain relation of reinforcing steel. Thus, the advantage of the proposed analytical procedure is that it takes the bond-slip effect into account while using the conventional layered section method, without the need for additional considerations such as taking the double nodes. Comparisons between experimental data and analytical results verify that the proposed analytical procedure can effectively simulate the cracking behavior of RC beams, columns, and frames that accompanies the stiffness degradation caused by bond-slip.