Simplified monotonic moment–curvature relation considering fixed-end rotation and axial force effect

A simple analytical procedure to analyze the reinforced concrete (RC) beams with a cracked section is proposed on the basis of the simplified moment–curvature relations of RC sections. Unlike previous analytical models which result in the overestimation of stiffness and underestimation of structural deformations induced from assuming perfect bond condition between steel and concrete, the proposed analytical procedure considers fixed-end rotation caused by anchorage. Furthermore, the proposed analytical procedure, compared with previous numerical models, promotes the effectiveness of analysis by reflecting several factors which can influence the nonlinearity of an RC structure into the simplified moment–curvature relation. Finally, correlation studies between analytical and experimental results are conducted to establish the applicability of the proposed analytical procedure to the nonlinear analysis of RC structures.