Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of bismuth after solid-phase extraction using amberlite XAD-2 resin modified with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol

A highly selective and sensitive anodic stripping differential pulse polarographic method has been developed for the determination of trace amount of bismuth in various samples after adsorption of its 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol complex on amberlite XAD-2 resin in the pH range of 2.0–3.0. The retained analyte on the resin recovered with 10.0 ml of 2 M hydrochloric acid and bismuth is determined by anodic stripping differential pulse polarography. In this case, 0.15 μg of bismuth can be concentrated in the column from 1100 ml of aqueous sample, where its concentration is as low as 0.14 ng ml−1 and the linearity is maintained in the concentration range 0.05–160 μg ml−1 in final solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and relative standard deviation of ±1.2%. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, flow rate, and interference of number of metal ions on the determination of bismuth have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for determination of bismuth in standard alloys: Nippon Keikinzoku Kogyo (NKK CRM No. 916 aluminum alloy); (NKK CRM No. 1021 Al, Si, Cu, Zn alloy); and (NKK CRM No. 920 aluminum alloy), biological samples: National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, No. 5 human hair; NIES, No. 7 tea leaves) and water samples: (spring water, river water; Kerman water; and Shiraz water).