Biosensors for determination of glucose with glucose oxidase immobilized on an eggshell membrane

A glucose biosensor using an enzyme-immobilized eggshell membrane and oxygen electrode for glucose determination has been fabricated. Glucose oxidase was covalently immobilized on an eggshell membrane with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. The glucose biosensor was fabricated by positioning the enzyme-immobilized eggshell membrane on the surface of a dissolved oxygen sensor. The detection scheme was based on the depletion of dissolved oxygen content upon exposure to glucose solution and the decrease in the oxygen level was monitored and related to the glucose concentration. The effect of glutaraldehyde concentration, pH, phosphate buffer concentration and temperature on the response of the glucose biosensor has been studied in detail. Common matrix interferents such as ethanol, d-fructose, citric acid, sodium benzoate, sucrose and l-ascorbic acid did not give significant interference. The resulting sensor exhibited a fast response (100 s), high sensitivity (8.3409 mg L−1 oxygen depletion/mmol L−1 glucose) and good storage stability (85.2% of its initial sensitivity after 4 months). The linear response is 1.0×10−5 to 1.3×10−3 mol L−1 glucose. The glucose content in real samples such as commercial glucose injection preparations and wines was determined, and the results were comparable to the values obtained from a commercial glucose assay kit based on a spectrophotometric method.