Rapid determination of lead extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic surfaces by flow injection on-line preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection

A rapid method has been developed for the determination of lead extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic surfaces by flow injection analysis without any pretreatment. An aliquot of 4% acetic acid solution, which has been kept in a teacup for 24 h in the dark, is injected into a carrier solution (1 M nitric acid) and passed through a Pb-Spec resin column. After washing the column with an ammonium nitrate solution, the lead adsorbed on the column is eluted with an ammonium oxalate solution and then merged with a 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) solution, followed by measurement of the absorbance of the lead–PAR complex at 530 nm. The detection limit, concentration giving a signal equal to three times the standard deviation of the blank signal, is 8 ng ml−1. The relative standard deviation of measurements at the 0.8 μg ml−1 level is 0.35% (n = 5). The sample throughput is 12 per hour.