Ex situ investigation of the proton exchange membrane chemical decomposition

The durability of Nafion ® polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with potential application in PEM fuel cells has been investigated using accelerated durability tests to understand their degradation mechanism. After the attack by Fenton radicals, the Nafion ® 111 membranes and the solution produced were collected for analysis. The existence of F ions in the solution indicated the chemical decomposition of the Nafion ® membranes during radical attacks. The F - emission rate (FER) was about 0.15 mg h - 1 , corresponding to 0.024 wt% of F released from the membrane per hour. The NMR and FTIR spectrums demonstrated the polymer fragments mostly existed as whole side chains of the Nafion ® membrane. This result revealed that the degradation was originated from the decomposition of polymer main chain. Furthermore, the reflectance-FTIR revealed that the degradation of the PEMs was from the decomposition of the repeating units in the polymer main chains. With the increased loss of repeating units, small bubbles with the diameter of several microns started to form in Nafion ® membrane. These bubbles made the membrane vulnerable to hazards of gas crossover, which further led a catastrophic failure of the proton exchange membrane.