Microbiosensor based on glucose oxidase and hexokinase co-immobilised on platinum microelectrode for selective ATP detection

ATP determination is of great importance since this compound is involved in a number of vital biological processes. To monitor ATP concentration levels, we have developed a microbiosensor based on cylindrical platinum microelectrode, covered with a layer of poly-m-phenylendiamine (PPD), and layer of co-immobilised glucose oxidase and hexokinase. Conditions for biosensor measurement of ATP (pH, Mg2+ and substrates concentration) in vitro and microbiosensor characteristics such as sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, storage stability were studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions the microbiosensor can measure ATP concentrations down to a 2.5 μM detection limit with response time about 15 s. Interferences by electroactive compounds like biogenic amines and their metabolites, ascorbic acid, uric acid and l-cystein are rejected in general by the PPD layer. The microbiosensor developed is insensitive to ATP analogues (or substances with similar structure), such as ADP, AMP, GTP and UTP, too. It can be used for ATP analysis in vitro in the reactions consuming or producing macroergic triphosphate molecules to study kinetics of the process and in drug design concerning development of inhibitors specific to target kinases and others target enzymes.