Isolation, preconcentration and determination of rhamnolipids in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

An analytical method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) was developed for the determination of rhamnolipids. A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure was used to isolate and concentrate target compounds from aqueous samples collected from surface water, sewage treatment plant effluent and cultivation of microbial culture. Development of the DLLME procedure included optimization of several important parameters such as kind and volume of extracting and dispersing solvents as well as sample pH. Under optimized conditions a two-step extraction with sonication was used. Chloroform was applied as the extracting and acetone as the dispersing solvent. The recoveries of the analytes were 70–87%. Matrix effects investigated for the analytes revealed existence of ionization enhancement for both mono- and dirhamnolipids.