Measurement of trace levels of antibiotics in river water using on-line enrichment and triple-quadrupole LC–MS/MS

This study presents the development of an automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE)–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of 23 antibiotics in environmental water samples. After optimisation of LC–MS/MS conditions, SPE parameters such as sorbent type, sample pH or sample volume were optimised. Antibiotic recoveries ranged from 64% to 98% and compared favourably with those achieved using off-line SPE. Limits of detection were in the range 0.5–13.7 ng L−1. n-line SPE–LC–MS/MS procedure was applied to the analysis of water samples taken in three rivers within the Seine River basin, near Paris (France). The obtained results revealed the occurrence of 12 antibiotics, including tylosin, erythromycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, oxolinic acid, flumequine, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and vancomycin (2–1435 ng L−1).