Mn–Mo–W-oxide anodes for oxygen evolution during seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production: Effect of repeated anodic deposition

MnMoW-triple oxide catalyst for chlorine-less oxygen generating electrodes from seawater electrolysis were prepared by repeated anodic deposition of their oxides on Ti/IrO2 substrate. The durability of the electrodes were examined by electrolysis in 0.5 M NaCl solution at current density of 1000 Am−2 and compared with their corresponding electrodes that were prepared by continuous anodic deposition. The electrodes repeatedly and continuously deposited for 90 min kept the oxygen evolution efficiency higher than 99% for 2600 h and 120 h of electrolysis, respectively. The improvement in the electrode durability by repeated deposition was attributed to the formation of single phase oxide deposits of MnMoW-oxides with optimized thickness, composition and structural water content, which enables the reduction of the electrode overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction and increase overall stability and adhesion of the oxide deposits to Ti/IrO2 substrate. A mechanism for oxygen evolution at the anode surface during electrolysis was proposed.