Metal-organic framework-199/graphite oxide hybrid composites coated solid-phase microextraction fibers coupled with gas chromatography for determination of organochlorine pesticides from complicated samples

The hybrid material of a copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF-199) and graphite oxide (GO) was explored as the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for the first time. This fiber was fabricated by using 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the cross-linking agent, which enhanced its durability and allowed more than 140 replicate extractions. With the incorporation of GO, the MOF-199/GO fibers with GO contents ranging from 5 to 15 wt% exhibited enhanced adsorption affinity to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) compared to MOF or GO individually. This improvement was linked to the enhanced dispersive forces (increased volume of small pores) that provided by the dense carbon layers of GO. Combining the superior properties of high porosity of MOFs and the unique layered character of GO, the MOF-199/GO (10 wt%) fiber exhibited higher adsorption affinity to some OCPs than commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers. This new fiber was developed for headspace (HS) SPME of eight OCPs followed by GC/ECD analysis. The limits of detection were 2.3–6.9 ng/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicate extractions using one fiber ranged from 5.3% to 8.8%. The fiber-to-fiber reproducibility was 5.2–12.8%. This method was successfully used for simultaneous determination of eight OCPs from river water, soil, water convolvulus and longan with satisfactory recoveries of 90.6–104.4%, 82.7–96.8%, 72.2–107.7% and 82.8–94.3%, respectively. These results indicated the MOF-199/GO composite provided a promising alternative in sample pretreatment.