Experimental and theoretical study of 1-(2-ethylamino)-2-methylimidazoline as an inhibitor of carbon steel corrosion in acid media

The electrochemical behavior of 1-(2-ethylamino)-2-methylimidazoline (imidazoline), its precursor N-[3-(2-amino-ethylamino-ethyl)]-acetamide (amide) and its derivative 1-(2-ethylamino)-2-methylimidazolidine (imidazolidine), is evaluated by using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, techniques in deaerated acid media to compare their corrosion inhibition efficiency. The experimental results suggest that imidazoline is a good corrosion inhibitor at different concentrations whereas amide shows low efficiency values; however, the properties of a corrosion inhibitor were not found in imidazolidine. The reactivity of these compounds was analyzed through theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to explain the different efficiencies of these compounds as corrosion inhibitors both in the neutral and protonated form. The theoretical results indicate that imidazoline is the more efficient corrosion inhibitor because of its two very active sites (two nitrogen atoms) and the plane geometry of the heterocyclic ring, thus promoting coordination with the metal surface.