A review of gas diffusion layer in PEM fuel cells: Materials and designs

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays a key role on reactant gas diffusion and water management in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This paper reviews recent developments of single- and dual-layer GDLs for PEM fuel cells and various materials and approaches used for development of novel GDL. A variety of carbon- and metal-based macroporous substrates are presented. Hydrophobic treatments using different fluorinated polymers are addressed. Engineering parameters which control the performance of microporous layer such as carbon treatment, wettability, thickness, and microstructure are also reviewed. In addition, future prospects for development of new GDL development are discussed.